Design of DMO Test Functions Based on PS Dynamic Changes and PF Discontinuity

In view of the widespread practical needs of DMOPs, we propose a new set of benchmark test functions. By introducing translation or rotation changes with varying frequencies and directions, we capture the complex dynamics of PS and, on this basis, enrich the discontinuity of PF. Two typical DMOA are selected for testing, and the MIGD is used to evaluate algorithm performance. The results show that the discontinuity of PF and the complex shape changes in PS significantly increase the difficulty of problem-solving, while also revealing the limitations of existing algorithms in adapting to sudden or discontinuous dynamic environments. These findings provide valuable references for future algorithm improvements and for real-world applications of DMOPs.