CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF CITIZENS: PROBLEMS OF PROTECTION AND IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE

The article provides a comprehensive study of the constitutional rights and freedoms of Ukrainian citizens under martial law, which is extremely relevant in light of the full-scale armed aggression against Ukraine. The paper explores the conceptual and legal foundations of key human rights and freedoms as outlined in Ukraine’s Constitution, with reference to global legal principles. Particular attention is paid to the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights. An in-depth evaluation of governmental strategies and approaches within the relevant sector of human rights during the war is carried out, focusing on the problems of ensuring freedom of speech, the rights of prisoners of war, internally displaced persons, restrictions on religious freedom and judicial protection. Special focus is given to examining the legal framework, including laws on martial law, restrictive measures, and procedures for the realization of citizens’ rights under a special regime. The article also examines the reports of international human rights organizations, such as OHCHR and Human Rights Watch, in order to verify the facts of human rights violations in the occupied and controlled territories. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach that combines elements of constitutional. As a result, the author formulates conclusions regarding the need to improve legal regulation, ensure effective control over ensuring respect for fundamental human freedoms, and develop a national mechanism for their protection in the post-war period. The author suggests the ways to improve the human rights policy of the State, taking into account the challenges of wartime and the prospects for peaceful restoration.