Development of a smart biodegradable hydrogel film using Guar Gum: A step toward green alternatives

This study presents the development of a novel biodegradable hydrogel film using guar gum as the primary polymer, aimed at sustainable food packaging applications. Guar gum, a natural and renewable polysaccharide, was selected for its compatibility and film-forming capabilities.To enhance its structural and functional properties, the polymer was chemically modified through a cross-linking polymerization reaction. Hydrogel films were prepared via a solution casting method, incorporating guar gum and glycerol, along with a GS initiator, cross-linker, and plasticizer. The film solution was cast onto leveled petri plates and allowed to set under controlled conditions. Optimal component concentration was determined to be 0.146 mg/100 ml of GS initiator, 0.026 mg/100 ml of GS cross-linker, and 2.886 ml/100 ml of GS plasticizer. The resulting films were subjected to comprehensive characterization to confirm successful hydrogel formation and evaluate their properties. Analytical techniques used included Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to verify chemical interactions, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess surface morphology, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) for thermal and mechanical behavior, and moisture content analysis. The hydrogel films demonstrated excellent transparency, flexibility, homogeneity, and water solubility. SEM revealed a dense and well-organized microstructure, while FTIR confirmed effective cross-linking. Thermal analyses showed good stability and mechanical integrity. These results suggest that the developed hydrogel films possess the necessary physical, mechanical, and environmental properties for practical use in food packaging. The findings support the potential of guar gum-based hydrogels as a sustainable, biodegradable alternative to conventional plastic packaging materials, contributing to environmentally friendly packaging solutions.