Comparative study of traditional versus digital anatomy teaching using virtual dissection tools: A quasi-experimental study.

Background: Anatomy forms the cornerstone of medical education. While cadaveric dissection has long been the standard method for anatomy teaching, the emergence of digital platforms offering virtual dissection tools has introduced new opportunities for interactive and remote learning—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of traditional cadaveric dissection and digital anatomy instruction using virtual dissection tools in enhancing learning outcomes among undergraduate medical students. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 120 first-year MBBS students at a tertiary medical college. Students were randomized into two groups: Group A (n=60) received traditional dissection-based teaching, and Group B (n=60) received digital instruction using tools like 3D anatomy software and the Anatomage Table. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted using MCQs and OSPEs. A feedback questionnaire evaluated student perceptions of clarity, engagement, and accessibility. Statistical analysis included paired and unpaired t-tests (p<0.05). Results: Both groups showed significant post-test improvements (p<0.001). Group B had a slightly higher mean score (78.2 ± 6.5) than Group A (75.6 ± 7.1), though not statistically significant (p=0.067). Students in Group B reported greater satisfaction with visual clarity (92%), interactivity (87%), and accessibility (89%), while Group A appreciated the tactile learning and real-life anatomical variation of cadaveric dissection. Conclusions: Virtual dissection tools are effective alternatives to traditional methods, enhancing engagement and visualization. However, each method has unique strengths that support anatomy learning. Recommendations: A blended approach combining digital tools with cadaveric dissection is recommended to deliver a comprehensive and immersive anatomy education. Further studies should explore long-term learning outcomes and cost-effectiveness.