Developing 3D Printable Concrete using Quarry By-Products as Partial Replacement for Cement

3D concrete printing (3DCP) is rapidly growing due to its wide range of advantages over conventional cast concrete. However, one major concern is that it 3DCP mixes typically have high cement contents and have a high carbon footprint as a result. To address this concern, this study incorporates quarry by-products (e.g., pond fines, screenings) in 3DCP mixes, which serves as a rheology modifier and serves to reduce the cement content. Pond fines were used as a partial replacement of cement, and screenings were used as the fine aggregate. The resultant mixtures demonstrated adequate compressive strength, higher compressive strength, and improved rheological properties relative to the control mix without quarry by-products.