Study on the Influence of Anode Additives in the Negative Electrode of Lead-Carbon Batteries

With the increasing demand for energy in the society, energy storage devices are more widely used. As one of the main energy storage devices in the past, lead-acid batteries are characterized by low cost, relatively long life and relatively simple maintenance. In particular, it is a highly favored, risk-free option for energy storage and vehicle starting due to its mature structural design, controllable reaction mechanism, and flawless recycling system, as well as the chemical stability of its aqueous electrolyte. Nevertheless, when lead-acid batteries are charged at a high rate, large, insoluble lead sulfate particles tend to form on the electrode surfaces. As the cycle progresses, these particles accumulate, preventing the electrolyte from penetrating the plates and reducing the active substance's utilization rate. The lead-acid battery's negative electrode sulfation is permanent and makes it unsuitable for energy storage applications. To make lead-carbon batteries, which are an improvement over lead-acid batteries and a solution to the sulfation problem, carbon materials are added to the negative electrode of the battery. The use of carbon material has the dual benefit of enhancing battery performance and preventing sulfation, but it also introduces the issue of excessive hydrogen precipitation. In this regard, this paper researches and discusses the hydrogen precipitation problem of lead-carbon batteries, analyzes the key role of the hydrogen precipitation inhibitor and its influence on the battery performance, and explores the performance of the battery materials.