The role of the rs3210714 and rs7719521 polymorphisms of the SPARC gene in type 2 diabetes among the Iranian population

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its associated comorbidities can lead to severe health complications, including mortality. In Iran, the prevalence of T2D among adults was reported at 11.9% in 2011, reflecting a concerning increase of 35% compared to the previous figure reported in 2004.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the frequencies of the rs3210714 (C>T) and rs7719521 (A>C) polymorphisms of the SPARC gene in patients with diabetes compared to a healthy control group.Methods: This case-control study included 150 healthy controls and 150 patients diagnosed with T2D. DNA was extracted from blood samples, and the Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR) method was utilized in two separate reactions for each polymorphism. The results were visualized via agarose gel electrophoresis under UV light using a gel documentation system. The frequencies of both reference and variant alleles were recorded for all three polymorphisms in both groups. The allele and genotype frequencies for each polymorphism were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 10 software.Results: Analysis of the rs3210714 (C>T) genotypes indicated that the frequencies of both the reference homozygous genotype (CC) and the heterozygous genotype (CT) were higher in the control group compared to the diabetic group, whereas the altered homozygous genotype (TT) was more prevalent among diabetic patients (P=0.0001). For the rs7719521 (A>C) polymorphisms, the frequency of the altered homozygous genotype (CC) was greater in the control group than in the diabetic group, while the reference homozygous genotype (AA) and heterozygous genotype (AC) were more common among diabetic patients (P=0.01).Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the T allele and TT genotype of the rs3210714 polymorphism (C>T) were more frequent in patients with diabetes than in controls. This suggests a potential association between the C allele and CC genotype of rs3210714 (C>T) of the SPARC gene with T2D in the Iranian population. These results highlight the potential clinical utility of analyzing SPARC gene polymorphisms for identifying individuals at increased risk for T2D, which may enable early intervention and personalized treatment strategies.