Effects of Industrial Wastewater on Gross and Histopathological Changes of Vital Organs of Swiss Albino Mice

Industrial wastewater contaminates the land, water, and air, causing serious environmental damage. Industrial wastewater can be combustible, reactive, poisonous, or carcinogenic. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of industrial wastewater on the growth and gross and histoarchitecture of vital organs of male Swiss albino mice. Thirty-two mice of four weeks of age were divided into four groups. Normal drinking water was supplied to the control group of mice. Mice from groups 1, 2, and 3 were provided with normal drinking water mixed with the garment industry's wastewater at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20%, respectively, orally up to experimental week 24. Subsequently, the body weights of mice, as well as the weights of their liver, heart, and kidney, were measured after the completion of 24 weeks of treatment of mice with different concentrations of industrial wastewater. Moreover, histopathological changes in the liver, heart, and kidney were investigated. Body weight was decreased in wastewater-treated mice in comparison to control mice. An increase in the weight of the livers of mice treated with wastewater was observed. Nevertheless, the weights of hearts and kidneys were decreased in wastewater-treated mice. Congestion, hepatocellular necrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the liver. Disruption of connective tissue was evident in the myocardium of the heart of wastewater-treated mice with necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, congestion, cellular necrosis, hypertrophied glomerulus, degeneration in renal tubular epithelial cells, and dilated tubules were evident in the kidney. From these findings, it was concluded that industrial wastewater has detrimental effects on the vital organs of mice.