Distributed Preset Time Cooperative Automatic Generation Control Method of Heterogeneous Frequency Regulation Unit

With the large-scale integration of high-proportion renewable energy, the frequency stability of power systems faces significant challenges, necessitating efficient and robust frequency regulation control strategies to coordinate generator units in frequency control. This paper proposes a Distributed Prescribed-Time Control (DPTC) method based on an Extended State Observer (ESO), aiming to enhance the frequency regulation performance of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) systems. First, by establishing a dynamic coupling characteristic representation model for heterogeneous frequency regulation resources, a universal dynamic equation for multi-source coordinated frequency control is constructed. To address the strong nonlinearities and uncertain disturbances in the dynamic equation, a novel ESO is designed to achieve real-time and accurate estimation of composite disturbances. Second, an ESO-driven DPTC strategy is proposed, which enables rapid and efficient regulation of generator active power output through the bidirectional coupling of dynamic compensation of observed information and a prescribed-time convergence mechanism. Finally, simulations based on a single-area AGC system validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.