Review of Energy Management Systems for Islanded Microgrids

ObjectivesAgainst the backdrop of energy resource scarcity and increasing environmental demands, distributed energy supply technologies, particularly renewable energy technologies, have attracted significant attention due to their high energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness and flexible installation. For remote areas such as plateaus, border regions and islands, which are beyond the coverage of public power grids, islanded microgrids have become the key technology to address electricity access challenges. However, optimizing energy management efficiency remains a major challenge. This paper reviews the two core objectives—economic efficiency and stability—of electric energy in islanded microgrids.MethodsThe current development status and research priorities of islanded microgrids, both domestically and internationally, are analyzed. The basic functions and management objectives of islanded microgrids are discussed. Additionally, the technical approaches for microgrid energy management and three types of control strategies are introduced. Finally, the paper provides a discussion of future research directions for islanded microgrid energy management systems, based on existing technological limitations and the ongoing development of new technologies.ConclusionsThe research results can effectively deal with the volatility and uncertainty of renewable energy and ensure the stable operation of the system. It can effectively reduce the cost of energy storage, improve the efficiency of energy utilization, and achieve higher economic benefits. It can also provide references and insights for the future integration of islanded microgrids with new technologies.