Carbon sequestration technology in cement-based materials: a review of mechanisms and applications

Carbon sequestration technology is crucial for achieving the Net Zero climate target. Regarding carbon sequestration via concrete technology, it mainly involves two approaches: reacting natural ores or industrial waste with CO2 to incorporate them into concrete and ensuring stable CO2 storage throughout the concrete lifecycle. The basic mechanism relies on the formation of calcium carbonate through reactions between CO2 and calcium/magnesium components in concrete. This technology spans from raw material carbon capture to the entire production process, enhancing concrete performance by filling pores, improving interfacial bonding, and promoting CO2 mineralization. Factors influencing sequestration efficiency include material composition, particle size, reaction conditions (time, temperature, pressure, CO2 concentration, moisture, pH), and microbial compatibility. Evaluation methods include weighing, physical, and chemical analyses. Advancements in technology, innovative materials, and structural design improvements can significantly enhance concrete's CO2 absorption and storage capabilities, contributing to a sustainable construction industry and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.