A Comparison of Presentational Knowledge from the Perspective of Allameh Tabataba'i and Intuition from Nel Noddings' Viewpoint, and Their Educational Implications

"Looking inward" marks a renewed beginning for the process of education and training. Presentational knowledge from the perspective of Allameh Tabataba'i and intuition from Nel Noddings' viewpoint both share a significant conceptual affinity in their emphasis on introspection. Presentational knowledge is a form of direct perception and observation without the use of sensory tools. In this type of knowledge, the object is present to us without any intermediary. Allameh believes that humans are not empty and devoid beings, but rather are full of latent capacities that existence manifests. Therefore, Allameh gives primacy to presentational knowledge and considers knowledge to be realized through it. Intuition, similarly, is a way of knowing in which our self establishes direct contact with the object. Like unmediated seeing, intuition depicts reality before us. If Allameh's ontological view of presentational knowledge and Noddings' instrumental view of intuition are employed in the process of education and training, the starting point of learning will be the learner themselves. In this paper, the perspectives of these two thinkers in the field of education and training were extracted and described using a comparative-analytical method. Subsequently, by comparatively examining these perspectives, a coherent model emphasizing "looking inward" was constructed. Both thinkers sought to direct human attention inward and initiate the process of education and training from within. This is in contrast to the current state where education and training are merely reduced to the imposition of a vast amount of data. Being a tool for knowing, the facilitator role of the educator, discoverability, and being self-centered are among the educational implications of presentational knowledge and intuition. These implications move the education and training system away from a state of imposition, fabrication, and coercion, and their application facilitates the process of learning and development for the learner.