Evaluating the Japanese version of the Mannheim Dream questionnaire (MADRE) in adults: Age and gender effects

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the Japanese version of the Mannheim Dream questionnaire (MADRE) and to examine the effects of age and gender on its variables. A total of 282 Japanese-speaking adults completed the MADRE online, and 122 participants completed a retest approximately three weeks later. The Japanese version demonstrated acceptable retest reliability and high internal consistency for the attitudes toward dreams scale. Age and gender were found to be associated with several MADRE variables: for example, women tended to report stronger attitudes toward dreams and greater emotional intensity. Some items, such as recording dreams and the influence of dreams on daytime mood, showed a decrease with age. These findings are generally consistent with previous studies using MADRE in other countries. The Japanese version of MADRE is a useful instrument for measuring various aspects of dreaming and is expected to facilitate future international and cross-cultural dream research.