Design and machining of planar double-enveloping hourglass worm

Planar double-enveloping hourglass worm drive has attracted much attention due to its high performance. It is widely used in modern industrial fields and conforms to the development trend of gear technology. This paper deeply discusses its design and machining. In terms of design technology, the mathematical model construction is summarized, and it is pointed out that the meshing performance can be significantly improved by optimizing the worm parameters and tooth surface modification. At the level of machining technology, advanced processes such as CNC turning, virtual rotary center technology, five-axis linkage machining, rotary cutting and four-axis machining are comparative analysis. It is emphasized that these technologies play an important role in improving machining efficiency and accuracy and reducing costs, and it is pointed out that there is still room for further improvement. Finally, this paper looks forward to the design and machining of the planar double-enveloping hourglass worm, and puts forward suggestions for future research directions. © 2026 JAMST.