Non‐Invasive Analysis of the Sculpture of Saint Eligius: Application of X‐Ray Fluorescence, Digital Radiography, and Computed Tomography

ABSTRACT This study presents a detailed analysis of the sculpture of Saint Eligius, located in the Church of Santa Luzia, in Rio de Janeiro. Due to its formal and stylistic characteristics, it can be inferred that the piece is an 18th‐century example of Portuguese origin. Using non‐invasive analytical techniques such as x‐ray fluorescence (XRF), Digital Radiography (DR), and computed tomography (CT), the objective was to determine the elemental composition of the pigments used and to evaluate the structural integrity of the piece. The XRF analysis revealed the presence of several elements, indicating the use of possible pigments such as lead white, vermilion, and various ochres. The presence of mercury, detected in intense XRF peaks, suggests the use of vermilion pigment, while lead peaks indicate the use of lead white mixed with other pigments. The detection of lithopone and phthalocyanine pigments, which began to be used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, supports the idea that the piece underwent restoration interventions. The XRF analysis of the sculpture identified both the original pigments and those used in later restorations. DR and CT allowed the visualization of structural defects, material wear, fractures, joints, and internal adornments, in addition to confirming the presence and integrity of metallic components such as nails and tacks used to secure the piece to its base and to join its structural components. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the materials and techniques used in the creation and maintenance of the sculpture, contributing to the historical context and supporting the authenticity of the sacred artwork.