Hybrid Typologies: Quantifying the Operational Energy, Embodied Energy, and First Cost of Emergent Light-Wood-Framed Multifamily Construction Methods

In this paper, we propose using permit, bid, and construction documents from recently completed projects to develop four prototype buildings, each housing the same number of units of the same size and varying construction types and representing, respectively, garden apartments, wrap buildings, podium buildings, and conventional high-rise buildings. We propose comparatively evaluating these four types, the first and last of which represent conventional solutions while the middle two represent new hybrid solutions. Evaluation will be conducted for operational energy use using an hourly energy model, embodied energy of materials using a detailed three-dimensional structural model, and cost, using quantities from the previous models in concert with industry-standard cost estimation resources such as RSMeans.