Biopriming Effects of Carica papaya (PAWPAW) Plant Extract on Germination Rate and Growth Parameters of Phoenix dactilyfera (Date Palm) Seedling

Phoenix dactylifera is a crop that is primarily cultivated in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Middle East, North Africa and parts of West Africa where it serves as a staple during religious festivities and a source income. However, Seed dormancy and weak seedling vigor limit the successful cultivation of Phoenix dactylifera. This study investigated the biopriming effects of Carica papaya aqueous extracts derived from ripe/unripe seeds, fruits, and leaves on seed germination and seedling growth of Phoenix dactylifera. Seeds were primed for varying durations of 0, 20, 40 60 and 80 minutes, and growth parameters such as root length, root weight, shoot length, shoot weight, germination rate and vigour index were assessed. Leaf extract showed the most significant improvement, with the highest vigor index (6646.5) and germination rate (88.9%), especially at 60 minutes. These eco-friendly treatments outperformed controls, demonstrating their effectiveness in breaking dormancy and enhancing early growth.