Assessment of the Status of Water Supply Chain and Associated Sanitation Interventions Alongside Kivu Lake in Nyamasheke District, Rwanda

Abstract: The study examined access to clean water and related sanitation interventions along Lake Kivu in Nyamasheke District, Rwanda, where water accessibility data is limited. Its objectives were to assess the status and maintenance of the water supply chain, identify sanitation interventions, explore factors influencing water supply chain management, and evaluate household-level water treatment practices. Guided by WASH, Systems, and Sustainable Development theories, the research employed a descriptive cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. From a target population of 426, a sample of 337 households was selected through multistage sampling, with four of seven villages chosen purposively. Findings revealed that 64.99% of households depended on farming, 56.38% were female-headed, and 57.27% had only primary education. Lake water was a major source, significantly linked to household burden, especially where distances exceeded 500 m or collection times surpassed 60 minutes. Average daily water use was 38.5 liters, and higher consumption correlated with increased strain. Flush toilets improved access, while shared toilets and inadequate handwashing facilities posed health risks. Factors improving water supply chain management included access to piped water, willingness to pay for services, and strong governance structures. Household-level interventions like container cleaning (82.49%), boiling water (48.66%), food-grade storage, and clean storage environments effectively reduced contamination risks. Conversely, poor maintenance awareness and unresolved infrastructure issues were key challenges. The study concludes that expanding piped water infrastructure, strengthening hygiene education, and involving stakeholders such as WASAC, MININFRA, and NGOs are vital for meeting Sustainable Development Goal 6 and ensuring safe, sustainable rural water systems in Nyamasheke District. Keywords: Water Supply Chain, Sanitation, Kivu Lake, Nyamasheke District, Rwanda. Title: Assessment of the Status of Water Supply Chain and Associated Sanitation Interventions Alongside Kivu Lake in Nyamasheke District, Rwanda Author: Mr. Shukuru Regis, Dr. Celestin BANAMWANA International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025 Page No: 697-712 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 26-September-2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17207242 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/assessment-of-the-status-of-water-supply-chain-and-associated-sanitation-interventions-alongside-kivu-lake-in-nyamasheke-district-rwanda