Critical factors on the implementation of school programs

Understanding the critical factors that affect successful program implementation enables a comprehensive examination of the conditions that support or impede school targets and goals, directing the development of focused interventions and research-based strategies to improve program sustainability and effectiveness. Through an online survey utilizing the select box ranking approach, perceptions on how school heads rank various facilitating and hindering factors influencing the implementation of school programs were determined. Items in the survey were derived from the review of related studies and submitted Program Implementation Review Reports of school heads in the Department of Education, City Schools Division of Bacoor in the calendar year 2023 and were validated using the Fleiss Kappa Index and Lawshe’s Content Validity Ratio. It was found out that alignment and adaptability of programs to the school's context is perceived as the leading contributory factor in the successful implementation of school programs while time constraints and conflict of schedules are perceived as the leading contributory factors in the unsuccessful implementation of school programs. Through the Kruskal-Wallis test, it was also found out that factors such as sex, number of years serving as school head, educational attainment, and level of school handled have no influence on how the implementation of school programs may be perceived. Following the identification and analysis of both facilitating and hindering factors in the implementation of school programs, a technical assistance plan was developed to address identified challenges and optimize program implementation.