Hygroma in Horses: From Cushion to Complication

Horses are prone to a variety of musculoskeletal problems, and one of the most visible yet often underestimated conditions is hygroma, also referred to as bursitis. A bursa is a closed, fluid-filled sac lined with a synovial-like membrane. Its primary role is to reduce friction between tendons, muscles, and bony prominences. When subjected to trauma or persistent pressure, these bursae can become inflamed, leading to an enlargement known as hygroma. Although many cases are not painful and may be dismissed as cosmetic blemishes, untreated or infected hygromas can compromise animal welfare and performance. Recent reports emphasize the importance of early recognition and management of bursitis in horses to prevent chronicity and complications (Knottenbelt & Pascoe, 2021; Kumar et al., 2022).