METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF A SYSTEM OF SPECIAL EXERCISES IN ENHANCING FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES OF 11–13-YEAR-OLD JUDOKAS

The physical and functional development of young athletes is one of the key priorities of modern sports science. In judo, where performance depends on a complex combination of strength, endurance, flexibility, and coordination, the use of special exercise systems is of paramount importance. This article discusses the methodological foundations of applying a structured system of special exercises to judokas aged 11–13. The research highlights the necessity of tailoring loads to physiological capacities of young athletes, ensuring progression, and maintaining safety. The findings from a 12-week training program indicate significant improvements in aerobic and anaerobic capacities, grip strength, flexibility, and recovery rates. The article concludes that the integration of special exercises not only enhances functional preparedness but also supports long-term athletic development.