Poverty Among Elderly in Indonesia: Extent, Determinants, and Policy Implications

ABSTRACT This study investigates the extent and determinants of poverty among the elderly in Indonesia, a country facing rapid demographic aging with limited social protection coverage. Using pooled data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) for the years 2018, 2020, and 2022, the analysis applies a binary logistic regression model to identify factors associated with elderly poverty. Results indicate that elderly individuals living in rural areas, without pension or health insurance, with limited education, or facing physical or emotional difficulties are significantly more vulnerable to poverty. Interestingly, contrary to common assumptions, elderly women and those living alone do not appear to be the most at risk. The study also highlights the persistent urban–rural poverty gap and the critical role of pensions in reducing household‐level poverty among older adults. Policy implications include expanding pension and health insurance coverage, investing in elderly friendly infrastructure, and promoting inclusive economic empowerment programs. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of elderly poverty in middle‐income countries and offer insights for more targeted and equitable aging‐related policies.