Economic Impact of Cardiovascular Diseases on Migrant Labour: A Systematic Review

The systematic review article is aimed at analysing the economic impact of cardiovascular diseases on migrant labour in Mumbai. During the last decade, there has been a rise in the spread of cardiovascular diseases amongst labour migrants in Mumbai. These rising cases have been looked upon as a growing cause of concern by the government and the policymakers. Changing lifestyle and professional hardships are the detrimental factors for the rising instances of cardiovascular diseases amongst the migrant labour in Mumbai. Thus, this review article seeks to consider the economic impact of rising cardiovascular diseases on the healthcare expenditure of migrant labour in Mumbai from the related literature reviewed. Extensive literature was reviewed from Scopus, Web of Science, Springer and Google Scholar. The eligibility criterion for the literature review was based on the PICO framework (P—Population, I—Intervention, C—Comparison and O—Outcome). Studies available in the English language and indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, Springer and Google Scholar between 2011 and 2021 were considered for review. The result indicates that the median cost of medication spent by a migrant labourer for treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the Mumbai metropolitan region was estimated to be ₹22,049, ₹42,537 being the median cost of hospitalisation and ₹5,411 being the average cost spent on transport to the healthcare facility for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This study highlights that the treatment of cardiovascular diseases causes an economic burden on the migrant labour migrating into the Mumbai metropolitan region (MMR) and dwelling in the seven different zones into which the MMR region is divided. The study also suggests the need for the introduction of healthcare schemes to economise the treatment of cardiovascular diseases for migrant labour in the MMR region.