AMBIENT-6G D2.1: Energy-neutral device architecture, technology trade-off, and characterization

This deliverable contains a comprehensive analysis and selection process to determine the most appropriate technologies and materials for developing energy-neutral IoT devices (ENDs). To achieve this goal, the device architectural component-based device capabilities are first divided into six isolated categories. Within these six capabilities, the energy storage and energy harvesting capabilities dictate the operational behavior of any underlying END and are therefore used to classify ENDs into multiple classes. Specifically, it is noted that an END can operate in one of the following modes: ultra-passive, duty-cycled barebone, duty-cycled persistent, or continuous. Based on this observation, this deliverable classifies ENDs into four classes: UP ENDs, DB ENDs, DP ENDs and CO ENDs. Moreover, the operational limits of individual capabilities, and typical applications are discussed for each device class.