Perilous polymers: a case of hydrophilic gel polymer embolism

Hydrophilic polymer embolism (HPE) is a rare complication of endovascular procedures caused by embolization of polymer coatings from vascular devices. We report a 72-year-old man with peripheral artery disease, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease who developed painful, nonhealing lower-extremity ulcers presenting shortly after vascular stenting. Initial biopsies and an extensive infectious and autoimmune workup were nondiagnostic, and the patient failed treatment for presumed pyoderma gangrenosum. Repeat biopsies later revealed amorphous blue material in dermal vessels, highlighted by Alcian blue staining, confirming HPE. Despite treatment with pentoxifylline and wound care, disease progression led to bilateral below-the-knee amputations. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of HPE, which can present months after endovascular intervention and mimic other ulcerative disorders. Histologic findings are subtle, and early coordination with dermatopathology is key. Clinicians should maintain high suspicion for HPE in patients with unexplained ulcers and vascular procedure history, as early recognition may reduce morbidity.