THE CORRELATION OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND INSUFFICIENCY WITH TYPE TWO DIABETES MELLITUS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY CONDUCTED IN MOSUL CITY

Background: The pancreatic β cells have vitamin D receptors, and vitamin D has been correlated to the control of insulin production. HbA1C and vitamin D levels may be inversely correlated, and low vitamin D levels are linked to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Objectives: To measure vitamin D levels in type 2 DM patients who were managed and followed at an outpatient consulting clinic at Mosul general Hospital in Mosul/ Iraq and to record the correlation between glycemic control and hypovitaminosis D. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted at Mosul General Hospital during the period from the first of April 2023 to the first of April 2025, all patients were randomly chosen. All type 2 diabetes patients over the age of 18 who gave their consent were included in the trial. The study excluded patients with liver disease, multivitamin supplements, steroids, and anticonvulsants, as well as patients with renal disease. Patients who had used vitamin D pills or multivitamins over the six months before to the trial were also excluded. The questionnaire includes three parts, part one for sociodemographic information of the study participants. Part two for diabetes questions and part three for vitamin D details. Results: The study includes 228 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among them; it’s evident that vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in 15 (6.58%) patients, while 156 (68.42%) patients had vitamin D insufficiency. The remaining 57 (25%) patients had normal vitamin D level. Moreover; among 171 patients with low vitamin D level (both insufficiency and deficiency), 96 (56.1%) are males and 75 (43.9%) are females. The majority of patients with low vitamin D level were aged 40-59 years. The study found that the majority of patients with low vitamin D level were had uncontrolled diabetes (82.46%). The study found weak positive but not significant correlation were found between vitamin D and patients’ age, patients’ body mass index and patients’ active smoking state. While weak negative and not significant correlation was found between vitamin D and glycated hemoglobin. Conclusion: The study revealed an elevated prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in our community. The glycemic control had a negative correlation with vitamin D levels. For long-term diabetics with poor glycemic control, it's important to consider additional factors such as vitamin D levels.