PREVALENCE OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE TWO DIABETES MELLITUS IN MOSUL CITY

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that can be caused by a variety of genetic and/or environmental factors. Heart conditions, particularly coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and arterial hypertension, are closely connected to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Left diastolic dysfunction is the first functional abnormalities which might impact patients newly diagnosed with type 2 DM within less than one year. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus at Mosul general Hospital in Mosul/ Iraq. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted at Mosul General Hospital during the period from the 1st of November 2022 to the end of December 2024. The patients were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) using the American Diabetes Association's diagnostic criteria. All type 2 diabetes patients over the age of 18 and who gave their consent were included in the trial. The study excluded patients with clinically noticeable cardiovascular conditions, as well as patients with severe anemia, thyroid issues, hemoglobinopathies, severe renal insufficiency and pregnancy were further exclusion criteria. The questionnaire includes four parts, part one for sociodemographic information of the study participants. Part two for anthropometric information. Part three for diabetes questions and part four for echocardiography details. Results: The study includes 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mean age ± standard deviation of the study participants was 56.46 ± 6.92 years. Of them, 112 (56%) patients were females and 88 (44%) were males, with male to female ratio of 1:1.27. Left diastolic dysfunction was present in 101 (62.3%) patients. Moreover, grade 1 was present in 87 (53.7%) patients while grade 2 was present in 13 (8%) patient and only one (0.6%) patient. Statistically significant difference between patients with left ventricular dysfunction and those without dysfunction regarding their means of ages, presence of overweight and obesity, diabetes for more than or equal to five years, glycated hemoglobin, presence of albuminuria, retinopathy, their mean of blood urea and serum creatinine (P value < 0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding their gender, active smoking, and received drugs. Conclusion: Asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes have a higher prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, with Grade I being the most common type. Higher prevalence of diastolic dysfunction was significantly linked to advance age, overweight and obesity, longer duration of diabetes, poor control of diabetes and presence of microvascular complication.