Recent Progress in Stretchable Artificial Synapses based on Organic Electrochemical Transistors

This paper reviews recent advances in stretchable artificial synapses based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), highlighting their potential for neuromorphic computing, soft robotics, and bio-interfacing systems. Inspired by the efficiency and plasticity of biological synapses, organic synaptic devices offer low-voltage operation, solution processability, and mechanical compliance. To achieve stretchability and flexibility, various materials engineering strategies are discussed, including the blending of elastomers, molecular design of conjugated polymers, additive incorporation, and geometrical engineering. Stretchable organic electrochemical synaptic transistors can emulate both short- and long-term plasticity, as well as excitatory and inhibitory behaviors, enabling high conductance tunability, robustness under mechanical deformation, and functionality in wearable and implantable systems. Notably, stretchable neuromorphic devices have demonstrated wearable neuromorphic computing and low-power neuroprosthetics applications. This review highlights the interdisciplinary efforts required for next-generation bioelectronic and neuromorphic technologies.