Satellite-Based Analysis and Application Strategies for Detecting Major Volcanic Eruptions in Java Island

Regions with intense volcanic activity are often affected by secondary hazards such as wildfires.This study examines the impact of volcanic eruptions on vegetation in three major volcanoes on Java Island, Indonesia-Mount Merapi, Mount Bromo, and Mount Sinabung, using satellite imagery.To establish a damage assessment system, ASTER sensor satellite data were collected, and remote sensing techniques were applied to quantify vegetation damage.The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated using satellite images obtained before and after the eruptions.Changes in NDVI indicated a significant decrease in vegetation cover in the affected areas, primarily due to severe eruptions and the resulting wildfires.The comparison of pre-and post-eruption images allowed for the accurate estimation of burned areas.Quantifying vegetation response following volcanic activity helps in understanding the complex interactions between surface processes, such as soil erosion, and vegetation dynamics.Post-disaster landscapes tend to form naturally stratified environments, and highresolution satellite imagery enables consistent and long-term environmental monitoring.The ASTER sensor aboard the Terra satellite was used to detect volcanic flow paths and identify areas affected by wildfires.By analyzing NDVI from high-resolution satellite data, the extent of vegetation damage in volcanic areas on Java Island was effectively assessed.The study demonstrates the value of satellitebased monitoring for natural disasters and contributes to the development of hazard preparedness strategies.This approach provides critical data for identifying vegetation distribution in volcanic regions and serves as a basis for future prediction and response planning.