Analyzing the Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Landslide Vulnerability and Risk Assessment in Lachung, North Sikkim, India

This study assesses the vulnerability, risk factors, and socio-economic impacts of landslides in the region, based on both primary and secondary data sources. A structured survey was conducted among 152 respondents, focusing on demographic characteristics, livelihood vulnerabilities, and disaster preparedness. The findings reveal that heavy monsoon rainfall is the primary trigger for landslides, with deforestation and seismic activity contributing as secondary factors. The majority of respondents report frequent landslides, particularly during the monsoon season, with increased slope instability and vegetation loss as major environmental consequences. The socio-economic impact of landslides is profound, affecting agriculture, tourism, and daily life. Over 80% of respondents noted damage to farmlands, while 92% acknowledged disruptions to tourism, a key economic driver in the region. Accessibility to essential services, including healthcare, markets, and schools, is also significantly hindered. Despite the high vulnerability, disaster preparedness remains limited, with inadequate relief camps and low insurance coverage among households. The study emphasizes the need for an integrated disaster risk management approach, including improved early warning systems, afforestation initiatives, and better infrastructure planning. Establishing disaster management training centers and enhancing community awareness can further strengthen resilience against landslides. Addressing both physical and economic vulnerabilities through targeted mitigation strategies is crucial for ensuring sustainable development in the landslide-prone Lachung region.