POST-COVID SYNDROME: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, PATHOGENESIS, AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Post-COVID syndrome (long COVID) is defined as a constellation of symptoms persisting for more than 12 weeks after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptoms commonly include fatigue, cognitive impairment, dyspnea, cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric disorders. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving viral persistence, chronic inflammation, autoimmune mechanisms, and endothelial dysfunction. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and current approaches to diagnosis and management of post-COVID syndrome in both adults and children.