Digital Skills in Higher Education and Post- Secondary Vocational Training: A Systematic Analysis of Pedagogical Transformation, Motivation and Engagement

The integration of digital skills is a central requirement for higher and vocational education. This systematic review synthesises evidence of the impact of digital technologies on pedagogical processes, student motivation and learner engagement. In line with PRISMA guidelines, we analysed 49 peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2024. A thematic analysis was conducted, structured around three interconnected themes: pedagogical process transformation, student motivation and learner engagement. The main findings reveal the widespread adoption of technologies such as learning management systems, gamification and immersive tools, which effectively support personalised and blended learning. However, significant challenges remain, including inequalities of access, a lack of standardisation of tools and à paucity of longitudinal research exploring the socio-emotional dimensions of digital learning. The study concludes that the success of digital transformation depends not just on technology, but on its thoughtful integration into the design of education. It highlights the crucial need for solid teacher training and institutional strategies that prioritise human factors in order to promote equitable digital learning experiences.