King Rama V's Benevolence: The Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs and the National Education Rooted in Dhamma Lineage

This article examines the foundations of modern Thai education during the reign of King Rama V through the establishment of the Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs (Thammakan), the formulation of the National Education Plan of 1898 and the pivotal role of Prince-Patriarch Wachirayan Warorot. It highlights the integration of three key institutions the monarchy, the Buddhist Sangha, and the royal family demonstrating that the reform was not merely an adoption of Western models but the creation of a knowledge structure deeply rooted in Dhamma, moral duty and civic responsibility. The outcome was the institutionalization of temple schools, the development of Dhamma studies, and the establishment of primary education as a national mission. These legacies continue to shape Thai education today, reflecting the enduring benevolence of King Rama V and the spiritual lineage of the Chakri dynasty.