Sustainability and Efficiency in the Recovery and Remanufacturing of Subsea Equipment: A Systematic Literature Review

The growing demand for sustainable practices in the offshore oil and gas industry has driven research into the recovery and remanufacturing of subsea equipment. This systematic literature review analyzes international articles published in the last five years to map the state of the art in sustainability and efficiency in these operations. The literature analysis revealed four main themes: (i) Remanufacturing and Circular Economy; (ii) Lifecycle Management; (iii) Energy Efficiency and Advanced Technologies; and (iv) Sustainability and Environmental Impact. The results indicate that remanufacturing is a viable strategy with environmental and economic benefits. Technologies such as advanced robotics and renewable energies are crucial for operational efficiency. However, gaps persist in the standardization of methodologies, technology integration, and economicfeasibility analysis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of trends, challenges, and opportunities, and points to directions for future research, contributing to the transition to a circular economy in the offshore sector.