Rasmussen aneurysm: A rare but fatal sequela of pulmonary tuberculosis – clinical insights and management perspectives

The pseudoaneurysmal dilatation of a pulmonary artery branch next to or inside a tuberculous cavity is the hallmark of Rasmussen aneurysm, a rare but potentially lethal consequence of pulmonary tuberculosis. It results from long-term inflammatory artery wall erosion, which causes severe hemoptysis in those who are afflicted. Because of its non-specific appearance and overlap with other pulmonary illnesses, it is still clinically underdiagnosed, despite autopsy studies estimating its presence in 4–8% of individuals with cavitary tuberculosis. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, radiographic findings, differential diagnosis, and current therapy approaches of Rasmussen aneurysm are all covered in detail in this study. While minimally invasive procedures like endovascular embolization have greatly improved clinical outcomes, imaging advancements, especially CT pulmonary angiography, have improved early detection. Raising awareness of this illness is essential for prompt diagnosis and effective treatment, particularly in areas where tuberculosis is endemic. To avoid severe hemorrhagic consequences, any patient with a history of tuberculosis who presents with hemoptysis should be evaluated for a Rasmussen aneurysm.