Peculiarities of Oxidative Processes in the Tissues of the Dentioalveolar System under the Conditions of Zinc Deficiency Against the Background of Zinc- and Iodine-Deficient, High-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Diets in an Experiment

Aim. The present study aims to investigate experimentally the peculiarities of oxidative processes in the tissues of the dentition system, the effectiveness of the blood serum antioxidant system under the conditions of zinc deficiency against the background of zinc- and iodine-deficient, high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets. Materials and methods. The study was performed using 100 sexually mature rats (males) receiving a standard diet (control group), as well as zinc- and iodine-deficient, high-carbohydrate or high-fat diets. The protein and lipid peroxidation indices were determined in the soft tissues of the periodontium and in the blood serum of the animals. The antioxidant status was evaluated by measuring the activity of blood serum enzymes and the integral index F (catalase • SOD/TBK-AP) was calculated. The content of the nitrogen oxide metabolite nitrite-ion was also determined in the blood serum. Results. Diet-induced zinc deficiency is accompanied by the activation of protein and lipid peroxidation processes in the mucous membrane of the alveolar process and the part reflecting the growth of products of oxidative modification of proteins (at 32.01% - twice), lipoperoxidation (diene conjugates – at 32.47% - 5.24-fold, TBK-active products – at 39.40% - 3.52-fold) compared to the control. Such changes were observed against the background of antioxidant imbalance: suppression of Cu, Zn-SOD (at 21.99-49.75%) and glutathione system enzymes (at 22.22-55.56%) against the background of catalase activation (more than twice), an increase in ceruloplasmin content (at 14.91-43.77%). The antioxidant potential is reduced by decreasing nitric oxide synthesis regardless of diet (at 25.96-46.97%). A close correlation relationship was identified between the integrated F index and the following: zinc content in the alveolar process, tooth root cementum, and erythrocyte mass. Conclusions. Under the conditions of diet-induced zinc deficiency in the soft tissues of the periodontium, here is an activation of protein and lipid peroxidation processes against a background of antioxidant imbalance, and a reduction in nitric oxide synthesis. The development of oxidative stress contributes to the development of inflammatory processes, metabolic disorders, trophic disorders and is a risk factor for dental pathology.