Assessment of Load Response in Interlocking Concrete Block Pavements By ANSYS

Concrete Block Pavement (CBP) consists of discrete masonry units arranged in engineered patterns, unlike monolithic concrete or asphalt surfaces. Because load paths are transferred through interlocking blocks, bedding, and joints, overall structural stiffness depends on block shape, thickness, and the laying pattern, making a single elastic modulus difficult to define. This study develops a practical deflection‑prediction model for CBP using dynamic plate load tests combined with Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis. We propose a procedure to estimate the Equivalent Elastic Modulus (EEM) of an Equivalent Block Layer (EBL)—a composite representation of blocks and bedding sand—calibrated to measured surface deflections. Results indicate that properly compacted jointing sand can reduce peak pavement deflection by as much as 30%. Additional reductions are achieved by increasing block thickness, using larger loading plate diameters, and providing thicker, well‑graded sub‑bases that limit shear deformation. Among common laying patterns, the herringbone bond offers the most efficient load dispersion due to multidirectional interlock; basket‑weave performs moderately; stretcher bond shows the least effectiveness under dynamic loading. FEM simulations in Ansys reproduced the measured deflections with good fidelity, matching manual calculations of approximately 8 mm and thereby validating the modelling approach. The framework offers practitioners a rational way to select block geometry, pattern, and layer thicknesses to meet serviceability targets while optimizing material use. The methodology can support maintenance planning and lifecycle cost evaluation.