Black box software testing techniques :a literature review

There are many techniques for generating test cases, which necessitate comprehension of the program's internal structure, and others test the system without prior knowledge of the internal structure of the program, such as black box testing. This paper focus on studding and reviewing different black box techniques and how they can be applied for testing different applications. The aim of using of black box testing is that, testers do not need to know the programming language and implementation. Each black box technique has different methodology with advantages and is used according to the needs of the tester, who must analyze the requirements of the system to be tested and determine what is appropriate. Other goal of using black box testing techniques, is to increase test coverage and reduce the number of test cases, by effective generation of test cases that detect errors. In this study, more than 20 research papers were reviewed, including how the techniques can be applied to testing different systems. The three powerful black box techniques used for software system testing are analyzed and discussed from three different perspective points namely, test effort, test efficiency, and test effectiveness. The conclusion obtained was that, no method is suitable in all situations and the tester must consider what is appropriate for the given system application to be tested.