Tools for smoothing out disproportions in regional socio-economic differentiation

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of regional socio-economic differentiation and the development of tools for smoothing out regional disproportions in the national economy. In the context of the ongoing modernization of the Russian economy and the continued high level of territorial heterogeneity, issues of spatial inequality are becoming key not only for ensuring balanced socio-economic development, but also for the formation of effective state regional policy. The disclosure reveals the theoretical and methodological foundations of studying regional languages in modern conditions of Russia. Based on the analysis of basic scientific approaches - spatial economics, the theory of new industrial regions, the neoclassical school, institutional and evolutionary directions - the concept of regional differentiation is considered as a complex, multi-faceted phenomenon. It includes a combination of natural-geographical, historical-cultural, demographic, institutional, infrastructural, innovative and socio-economic factors. The forms and manifestations of regional differences at the current stage of Russia’s development are analyzed. The indicators used are gross regional product per capita, average monthly nominal wages, human capital index, migration balance, level of urbanization, degree of infrastructure development, investment volumes and employment structure. The study demonstrates the presence of pronounced disproportions between large capital cities, industrial and raw materials regions and the majority of regions characterized by lagging behind in key social and economic indicators.