Comparative review of probabilistic frameworks for structural integrity in aeronautical and civil engineering design codes

In structural engineering, uncertainties arising from various sources, such as variability in material properties, loading conditions, manufacturing discrepancies and model inaccuracies, can significantly impact the integrity and performance of structures. This paper presents a comprehensive review of probabilistic and semi-probabilistic frameworks used to address these uncertainties in the context of static strength assessment within the aeronautical and civil engineering domains. By comparing the approaches used in aeronautical engineering, specifically for large commercial aircraft, with those in civil engineering, this paper aims to identify best practices and assess their transferability between the two fields. The review covers legislative and certification requirements, structural testing, reliability assessment approaches as well as the determination and use of safety factors. Through this comparative analysis, the paper seeks to highlight the differences and similarities in managing uncertainties and ensuring structural integrity, ultimately providing insights that could enhance design practices in both domains.