THE IMPACT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS GENES ON ASEPTIC NECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD

Aseptic necrosis (AN) is a pathological condition resulting from impaired blood supply to bone tissue. It most often affects the femoral head. This pathological process is characterised by bone tissue ischaemia, disruption of cellular metabolism and tissue necrosis. Recent international studies have demonstrated the significant role of oxidative stress and the antioxidant defence system in the pathogenesis of this disease. Oxidative stress occurs when there is excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and insufficient antioxidant defences, resulting in cellular damage. Key enzymes involved in this process include superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1). Gene polymorphisms affecting the activity of these enzymes determine an individual’s resistance to oxidative stress. An imbalance between ROS and antioxidants significantly contributes to disease pathogenesis. This article focuses on the relationship between genes related to oxidative stress (SOD2, eNOS, CAT and GPX1) and aseptic necrosis of the femoral head. It analyses the effect of genetic polymorphisms on disease risk, biochemical markers and their clinical significance. The results of this study are important for developing early diagnostic tools and personalised treatment strategies.