In vitro assessment of the antihyperglycemic property of Prosopis farcta J. F. Macbr and Rheum ribes L. and phytochemical profiling of the most active extract

This study aimed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibition potential of Prosopis farcta and Rheum ribes. For this purpose, various plant parts—including the root bark, roots, fruits, and leaves of P. farcta, as well as the roots and stalks of R. ribes—were sequentially extracted employing n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The α-glucosidase inhibition potential of the extracts was assessed. Subsequently, the phytochemical investigation was carried out on the ethyl acetate extract derived from the root of P. farcta, which exhibited the most pronounced inhibitory effect. This analysis resulted in the isolation and identification of six compounds, including four steroids, one pentacyclic triterpenoid, and one flavonoid. The isolated compounds underwent further evaluation for their α-glucosidase inhibition potential. Among them, daucosterol (3) demonstrated the highest potency, with an IC50 value of 18.6 µM.