Epigenetic Dysregulation and Cancer Progression: How Epigenetic Modifications Shape Tumor Fate

Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs, play crucial roles in regulating gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. In cancer, these epigenetic processes are often disrupted, contributing to tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. This article reviews the latest findings on epigenetic dysregulation in cancer, emphasizing how these modifications influence tumor behavior and presenting novel therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting the epigenome. Additionally, we explore the potential for integrating epigenetic biomarkers into precision oncology to enhance patient outcomes, with a focus on recent advancements from 2022 to 2025.