SHUDDHA CHIKITSA AND PHARMACOVIGILANCE: AN AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE ON ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND PATIENT SAFETY

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and iatrogenic complications are major global health concerns, forming the foundation of modern pharmacovigilance systems. Ayurveda, though not describing pharmacovigilance as a distinct discipline, embeds safety principles within every stage of Chikitsa (treatment), emphasizing prevention of therapeutic errors and safeguarding patient well-being. Objective: This review aims to critically examine Ayurvedic perspectives on treatment safety with special reference to Shuddha Chikitsa and to explore their relevance to contemporary pharmacovigilance and rational therapeutics. Methods: A textual and analytical review of classical Ayurvedic compendia (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtangahridaya), their commentaries, and modern pharmacological literature was conducted. Concepts such as Atiyoga (overuse), Ayoga (underuse), Mithyayoga (improper use), Viruddha Ahara (incompatible combinations), and Vyapad (therapeutic complications) were compared with current classifications of ADRs, drug interactions, contraindications, and iatrogenic risks. Results: Ayurveda demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of treatment-related risks, emphasizing individualized care, error prevention, and holistic monitoring. The concept of Shuddha Chikitsa, which seeks to eradicate disease without disturbing physiological balance, parallels the core philosophy of modern pharmacovigilance. Conclusion: Ayurveda provides an early, integrated framework for treatment safety and rational therapeutics. Its emphasis on preventing adverse outcomes through stage-specific assessment, careful drug-disease matching, and lifestyle considerations highlights its continuing relevance to modern patient safety and pharmacovigilance practices.