Comparative Analysis of ArUco Marker Detection Techniques Using Adaptive Thresholding, CLAHE, and Kalman Filter for Smart Cane Applications

This study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of three image processing techniques Adaptive Thresholding, CLAHE, and Kalman Filter in enhancing the performance of ArUco marker detection for a smart cane system designed for visually impaired individuals at SLB Kuncup Mas Banyumas. The evaluation method includes detection accuracy, marker position precision, and computational time required by each technique under two different lighting conditions: daytime and nighttime. The results show that all three image processing techniques successfully achieved a 100% detection accuracy for ArUco markers. However, significant differences were observed in computational time, with Kalman Filter demonstrating the fastest processing speed, making it the most efficient option for real-time applications requiring quick response. CLAHE and Adaptive Thresholding performed better in uneven lighting conditions, although they required longer computational times. Kalman Filter is therefore recommended for marker-based navigation systems in environments demanding fast response times, while CLAHE and Adaptive Thresholding are better suited for settings with variable lighting intensities. The implications of these findings open opportunities for developing adaptive navigation systems capable of dynamically adjusting image preprocessing methods based on real-time environmental conditions. This study contributes practically to the advancement of assistive navigation technologies for visually impaired individuals, particularly in the development of visual marker-based detection systems. The results also provide a useful guideline for selecting appropriate image processing techniques according to environmental characteristics, thereby improving the accuracy and adaptability of navigation systems across diverse lighting conditions and operational environments.