Hybrid Energy Management And Motors Performance Analysis Of Electric Vehicles Using Battery, Supercapacitor, And Photovoltaic Integration

This study presents a comprehensive simulation-based framework for evaluating electric vehicle (EV) performance by integrating battery, supercapacitor (SC), and photovoltaic (PV) systems within MATLAB/Simulink. The methodology involves developing three EV configurations—Battery Only, Battery + SC, and PV + Battery + SC—tested across five motor types (DC Series, BLDC, PMSM, Induction, and SRM) under the standardized FTP-75 driving cycle. Simulation results demonstrate that PV and SC hybridization significantly improves driving range (up to 208 km for DC Series motor), reduces energy consumption (~28.85 kWh/100 km), and enhances system resilience by balancing peak power demands and regenerative braking recovery. While the DC Series and BLDC motors achieved the highest efficiency (0.81–0.82), SRM motors exhibited the lowest performance. Overall, the proposed hybrid energy management approach extends driving range, lowers energy consumption, and highlights the critical role of motor selection in EV performance optimization.