Banditry and modern slavery: (In)security dynamics in Nigeria

The persistent crises of banditry and modern slavery in northwest and northcentral Nigeria have escalated to critical levels, profoundly affecting both security and socio-economic stability. While existing studies have examined banditry extensively, there remains a significant gap in understanding the complex intersections between banditry and modern slavery. This article addresses this gap by analysing how banditry has evolved into a form of modern slavery, exploiting vulnerable populations through extortion, forced labour, and violence. It highlights the urgent need for a multi-faceted response that includes strengthening security forces, reforming legal frameworks, and enhancing victim support. Key recommendations include bolstering community policing, revising legal frameworks to address banditry-related enslavement explicitly, and investing in rural development to alleviate the socio-economic vulnerabilities that fuel these crises. The article emphasises that effective state control and the reestablishment of security presence in ungoverned areas are crucial for restoring public trust and ensuring long-term stability. This comprehensive approach aims to dismantle the complex nexus of banditry and modern slavery, paving the way for sustainable development and justice.