NEW APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES (ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, PARKINSON'S DISEASE)

Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are among the most serious medical and social problems of our time. Their pathogenesis is associated with progressive neuronal death, accumulation of pathological proteins, chronic inflammation and immune response dysregulation. Despite the achievements of traditional pharmacotherapy aimed at temporary symptom relief, these methods are unable to change the course of the disease. In recent decades, special attention has been paid to innovative approaches: gene and cell therapy, immunotherapy and nanomedicine. These strategies make it possible to influence the fundamental mechanisms of pathology, including gene expression, restoration of neural networks, removal of toxic protein aggregates and targeted drug delivery to the brain. Personalized medicine and the use of digital technologies create conditions for individualization of treatment, increasing its effectiveness and safety. Thus, modern research is forming a new paradigm for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, in which the integration of molecular, cellular and immune technologies opens up the prospect of slowing down progression and improving the quality of life of patients.