Optimal Design of a Digital Baffled Batch Reactor for Model Fuel: Adsorption Desulfurization Based on New Adsorbent

The goal of this work was to use graphene oxide (GO) to remove sulfur compounds from simulated fuel through an adsorption desulfurization process (ADP). Graphite powder was used to generate graphene oxide in order to modify its surface area and pore volume for use in the petroleum industry. Graphene oxide was produced from graphite via modification of the Hummer process. To investigate the activity of the prepared GO-nanoparticles, we adapted the recently developed digital baffle batch reactor (DBBR) and applied it to the adsorption desulfurization process (ADP). Using an N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm, Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the physicochemical characteristics of graphene oxide were characterized. Investigated were the effects of three operating conditions on the removal efficiency of sulfur compounds at constant pressure and temperature: adsorbent dosage (0.4–1.2 g), speed of impeller (150–350 rpm), and contact time (35–55 min). To assess the surface modifications of adsorbents in the current process, a removal efficiency study under various operating conditions was used. The largest sulfur removal efficiency and adsorption capacity were found in the sulfur removal experiments from model fuel, which had an initial sulfur concentration of 450 ppm. The adsorption capacity was found to be 83.30% of adsorbent. At a speed of impeller 350 rpm, a contact time of 55 min, and an adsorbent dosage of 1.2 g, the highest efficiency of sulfur removal was achieved.