A – 42 Neuropsychological Sequelae of Complex Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis: A Case Study Examining Cognitive and Social Outcomes

Abstract Objective Long-term neuropsychological outcomes of bacterial meningitis are underrepresented in research despite 70% of cases occurring in children before age five. Children who survive face substantial risks of short- and long-term neuropsychological complications due to bacterial toxin release and immune response, leading to neuronal damage. This case study examines a 7-year-old, 2nd-grade African American female patient with a complex presentation marked by bacterial meningitis, cerebral ventriculitis, neonatal seizures, and a focal injury to the basal ganglia. She presented with significant motor, language, learning, and executive difficulties. Method This single-subject design included neuropsychological assessment of cognitive, academic, and psychosocial functioning secondary to bacterial meningitis and associated complications. Evaluative goals included the identification of strengths and weaknesses, guidance for intervention strategies, and the provision of family education. Results Assessment results indicated notable lateralization of fine motor skills, language and language-based learning deficits, and preserved non-verbal intelligence and visual memory. Deficits were evident in articulation, communication, learning, executive functioning, and emotional regulation. Conclusion This study supports the role of neuropsychological assessment in rare and complex neuroinfectious diseases. Results evidenced significant neurocognitive deficits, which threaten current academic and social development and may impact future brain organization and development for years to come. Research is needed to explore the impact of neuroinfectious diseases upon emerging social cognition, peer relationships, and identity formation. The importance of early detection, assessment, and data-driven intervention of neurobehavioral deficits in children following infection is emphasized.